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September 2006:: issue 35
 
 
 
Books This Month
1. Temptations of the West by Pankaj Mishra
2. The News from Paraguay by Lily Tuck
3. Overthrow by Stephen Kinzer
4. The Second Coming of Mavala Shikongo by Peter Orner
5. Planet of Slums by Mike Davis
6. Mark Lombardi: Global Networks by Robert Hobbs
  Feature
Book News
Credits/About Us

Empire
This month, we take on the thorny, hoary issue of empire. When one people seeks to dominate others on a global scale, how do those subjugated survive, and how do people involved make sense of themselves afterward? In a series of travelogues and essays, Pankaj Mishra looks at the balancing act of being modern (but not Western) in Asia. One novel under review follows the unfortunate bride of a would-be emperor to Paraguay, while another trails a volunteer to Namibia. Mike Davis rings the alarm on the burgeoning percentage of the world's population living in slums, and a New York Times writer argues that the American appetite for regime change isn't a new one. Mark Lombardi's sprawling diagrams unravel the networks of global power by revealing just what tangled webs they really are. Finally, a feature answers the burning question: just why was Bush reading Camus?
- Toby Warner
 
 

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NONFICTION
Temptations of the West: How to Be Modern in India, Pakistan, Tibet, and Beyond
by Pankaj Mishra

 


Published: June 2006  
Pages: 336  
Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux  

Links:
Author bio
Author2Author interview
Mishra in NY Review of Books
Other books:
An End to Suffering
 
Synopsis
Musing on the nature of post-colonialism and modernity, Pankaj Mishra paints a series of journalistic vignettes of modern life in India, Pakistan, and Tibet.

Review
In this engaging new collection of essays, Pankaj Mishra adroitly straddles the gaps between travel memoir, history textbook, and philosophical musing. Mishra, an Indian journalist and literary critic, takes an insightful look at the challenges faced by post-colonial nations resisting — and at the same time succumbing to — the pull of Western-style globalization. How do ancient societies define themselves in the modern world, Mishra asks, when the very idea of modernity seems to be owned by the West? Rather than proscribing or polemicizing, Temptations of the West offers up a series of vivid, ethnographic snapshots of cultures in transition: rich, young Hindus in Benetton T-shirts and Nike sneakers emerge as the unlikely leaders of a violent holy war against Muslims; Afghan women sip Pepsi in a Kabul pizza parlor as they watch American women play softball on ESPN; a Bollywood bombshell balks at the prospect of onscreen nudity, then revels in her sexpot reputation when an English men's magazine declares she has "the hottest body on the planet."

Mishra has deeply immersed himself in the histories of the Asian countries he has visited, thus managing to give the reader a much more nuanced sense of these societies than can be gleaned from any academic textbook. While Mishra does not hesitate to lay bare the flaws of the countries through which he travels, what sets his book apart from other, more dismal, accounts of their extreme poverty and violence is his own skeptical view of the West. He doesn't assume that progress is necessarily a straight line to Western-style capitalism, nation-hood, and globalization. Instead, he has traveled enough to know that Asian societies are intent on "modernizing" on their own terms. Yet Mishra is also bright enough to see the inherent irony in this refusal: if India and China are now able to challenge Western hegemony (culturally, as well as politically and economically), it is in large part because they have emulated some of the West's more dubious achievements.
- Sage Van Wing


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FICTION
The News from Paraguay
by Lily Tuck

 


Published: 2004  
Pages: 248  
Publisher: HarperCollins  

Links:
Author bio
Bookbrowse interview
SF Chronicle review
Other books:
Limbo, and Other Places I Have Lived
 
Synopsis
A dark, lyrical novel about 19th-century Paraguay, its ill-fated dictator, and the woman who loved him.

Review
Before you read Lily Tuck's curious, disquieting, and wonderful novel, be forewarned: many bad things happen. There is sickness, murder, and rape; children are lost, women are abandoned, and empires are brought to ruin. But don't let that stop you.

The book begins in 1854, as Francisco Solano, commander-in-chief of the Paraguayan army, courts Ella Lynch, a courtesan, in Paris. Tempted by Solano's promise to build a great empire, Ella accepts his marriage proposal, follows him to Paraguay, and becomes his wife. Over the next 20 years, Ella bears five sons, writes occasional letters to a friend in Paris, and watches her husband destroy his nation.

The cause of Francisco's demise is never fully accounted for, at least not in such accuracy as to please an historian. But there are clues: Francisco is greedy from the start; he becomes paranoid, quick to torture and imprison even his own siblings, and dismissive of insurgent armies. He is nothing less than a dictator by the time his neighboring enemies invade. Ella ultimately returns to Paris, but times have changed there, too, and her place in society has been lost.

For all its tragedy, The News from Paraguay is not a depressing book. It's captivating and unusual, full of surprising details and haunting imagery. The "news" of the title refers to the events that Ella relays in her letters to France; the "news" of the narrative — details of character, sudden twists of plot — arrives just as casually, as though the reader is being updated by dispatch. Tragedies are presented as simple fact, and there is even an ironic, satirical touch to many of the characters' cruel fates.

In a way, the mercilessly straightforward quality of Tuck's narrative is fitting. Wholesale destruction, she seems to suggest, is the inevitable cost of colonization. To overstate it — to belabor Francisco's fall — would diminish its certainty. But even this lesson is quiet; Tuck never moralizes about empire. Instead, she focuses on strange coincidences and small, personal tragedies. Her characterization is revealing but never too probing, and the reader must pay close attention to detail. In the end, it's these details that linger and haunt long after the empire Francisco dreamed of has collapsed.
- Gena Hamshaw


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NONFICTION
Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq
by Stephen Kinzer

 


Published: April 2006  
Pages: 400  
Publisher: Times Books  

Links:
Official site
Brian Lehrer interview
Democracy Now interview
 
Synopsis
The United States has forced "regime change" 14 times in its history, beginning with Hawaii and most recently in Iraq. This New York Times reporter's chronicle of US foreign policy leaves the reader enraged, engaged, and impassioned.

Review
That we live in an unexceptional epoch is both a disheartening and reassuring revelation. Things are bad, but they've been bad before. The invasion of Iraq in 2003 wasn't an unprecedented power grab, an anomalous American stab at an empire; American imperialism, as Stephen Kinzer shows in Overthrow, has a history as old as the US itself.

Kinzer, a former New York Times bureau chief in Germany, Turkey, and Nicaragua, traces America's history of regime change from Hawaii to Iraq. All told, America has played a decisive role in deposing another world leader 14 times. The countries on the list will be recognizable to anyone with even a passing interest in discord, poverty, oppression, or war: Nicaragua, Iran, Vietnam, Honduras, the Philippines, Grenada, Cuba.

What is most galling, perhaps, is the role corporations have played in determining the future of nations and the misery of their citizens. As Kinzer writes: "The United States rose to great power at the same time multinational corporations were emerging as a decisive force in world affairs." So it was that, in 1893, Hawaii's Queen Lili'uokalani was overthrown to sweeten the lot of Castle and Cooke, an American sugar producer; Cuba's infant independence replaced with a regime pledging fealty to American investors; the great hope of Nicaragua, the noble-minded Zelaya, routed in favor of the Panama Canal; and the democratic government of Honduras almost single-handedly overthrown by Sam Zemurray, a New Orleans banana seller.

Sam "the Banana Man" is just one in a colorful cast of ruthless men, noble leaders, thugs, demagogues, and mercenaries who populate the book. And as infuriating as the history is, Overthrow makes for a good read: empires are built on spectacle as much as on blood, on the image of American gunboats looming off the coast of Cuba or on a president's triumphant stroll down the deck of a military carrier.
- Joshua David Stein


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FICTION
The Second Coming of Mavala Shikongo
by Peter Orner

 


Published: April 2006  
Pages: 309  
Publisher: Little, Brown and Company  

Links:
Author site
Boston Globe review
Orner's Op-Ed on Namibia
Other books:
Esther Stories
 
Synopsis
In a Catholic school built amid the graves and ghosts of colonial Boers, an American teacher becomes part of the lore of the haunted life of the windblown desert.

Review
Out in the Namibian veld, where three dry rivers meet at Farm Goas, Larry Kaplanski from Cincinnati shows up at the Native School and humbly presents himself as a volunteer. For his welcome, the priest pronounces him a pagan, and the corrupt principal says he would have preferred cash, but since there doesn't seem to be anyone else willing, assigns Larry to teach English and History.

Larry moves into the singles quarters, where the story gives way to his fellow teachers' idiosyncrasies — Obadiah has his afternoon drink in a Datsun marooned in the sand, with both hands on wheel; Pohamba proclaims himself an atheist in the day and screams for God to rescue him in the night; the principal watches a TV with no reception, laughing and changing the channel.

They induct Larry into their slow and thirsty rhythm of life, where camaraderie and story-telling are modes of survival. Larry attempts to answer inane questions about Woodrow Wilson and the Roman namesake of Cincinnati. In return, they divulge the stories and legends of the veld — a barren place which they fertilize with stories of war and drought, told around the coffee-fire in the frigid dawn, under a tree during sweltering morning break, or through thin walls in the lonely middle of the night.

Peter Orner creates a microcosm of life in modern Namibia, her independence barely one year old and her genocide less than a century past. Through stunning, episodic chapters, rarely longer than a few pages, the narrator reveals the different perspectives, settings, and realities of life at Farm Goas. Based on a year Orner spent teaching in Namibia, this original first novel is suffused with affection for his friends there, making whole a story of many fragmented parts.
- McKay McFadden


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NONFICTION
Planet of Slums
by Mike Davis

 


Published: March 2006  
Pages: 228  
Publisher: Verso  

Links:
Author bio
Tomdispatch interview
Other books:
City of Quartz
Late Victorian Holocausts
 
Synopsis
Radical urbanist Mike Davis foretells a grim future of densely-populated mega-slums.

Review
If you're reading this, chances are you don't live in a squatter camp, favela, or third-world shantytown. Chances are that you live in a community reasonably supported by public utilities and medical facilities, and, at the very least, have proximal access to a toilet and an internet connection. If this is true, then chance is very much on your side.

In his most recent call to awareness, Planet of Slums, MacArthur Fellow and public intellectual Mike Davis observes that, according to a set of "very conservative" criteria, the UN census of the global slum-dweller population in 2005 was more than 1 billion — an increase of around 80 million from just four years earlier. That's greater than the entire world population in the mid 19th-century, and more than triple the population of the US today. If you live in a city, it seems that there's now a one-in-three chance that you live in a slum.

These figures are stacked especially heavily against the citizens of developing countries, and therefore Davis focuses on primarily urban societies of the third world. The book is comprised of comparative case studies strung together according to a variety of themes, including slum ecology and "pirate urbanization." One often longs for more of a dramatic arc — and less of an avalanche of statistics — but Davis' factoids are reliably devastating.

Despite the deluge of facts and figures, the work is anchored in the more anecdotal tales of marginalized communities struggling to hang on to their right to a place in the world. A squatter settlement in Caracas is built overnight only to be destroyed the next day by the authorities, then rebuilt that evening, demolished again, and so on. Residents of Vijayawada are known to write their door numbers on pieces of furniture, because each year their homes are torn apart and carried away by flooding.

Although Davis' tendency for sensationalism is as present as ever in this work, Planet of Slums amounts to a compelling and urgent plea. With a total population that is currently growing at a jaw-dropping 25 million a year, shantytowns could be this century's sword of Damocles.
- Stephen Dougherty


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ART
Mark Lombardi: Global Networks
by Robert Hobbs

 


Published: 2003  
Pages: 128  
Publisher: Independent Curators International  

Links:
Pierogi Gallery exhibit
NY Times obituary
Frances Richard's essay on Lombardi
 
Synopsis
An intricate analysis of late artist Mark Lombardi's challenging, conspiracy-fueled drawings.

Review
Five weeks after September 11, 2001, an FBI agent visited the Whitney Museum of American Art to study BCCI-ICIC & FAB, 1972-91, a large-scale drawing by Mark Lombardi that depicts the subtle interconnections between intelligence agents, drug smugglers, arms dealers, money launderers, and other international crime figures. The agent's interest in Lombardi's work as a source of insight and information into the hidden network of terrorist financing reinforces Lombardi's status as an artist working outside of the precious, specialized world of fine art, and confirms the credibility of his meticulous research.

In this dense and fascinating catalogue for the traveling retrospective exhibition of Lombardi's most significant works, art historian Robert Hobbs discusses the art and life of Mark Lombardi, whose career is defined just as much by his roles as researcher, archivist, and librarian as by his fine-art pursuits. Using specific works as his platform, Hobbs reveals the artist's fascination with the relationships of global power players and his artistic attempts to reveal their hidden webs of deceit and collusion.

Visually, Lombardi's drawings evoke spider webs, flow charts, and diagrams. Comprised solely of text and interconnecting lines, his illustrations reduce his research to a basic and direct mode of communication that belies the murky intricacies of his subject matter. His conspiracies of choice range from the Iran-Contra scandal of the 1980s to ex-President Bill Clinton's shady involvement with the Indonesian bankers of the Lippo Group. Avoiding party lines, Lombardi chose to follow his leads wherever they might take him, revealing a universal state of corruption spanning the globe. Global Networks offers invaluable insight into the inner workings of an artist fascinated by the political machinations affecting all of our lives, and fuses a fine-art critique with a serious analysis of global conspiracies.
- Allison Kave


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FEATURE

Stranger in a Strange Land





  George W. Bush has read more than 60 books this year, claimed White House Press Secretary Tony Snow as he unveiled the President's summer reading list earlier this month. Whether accurate or inflated, the list caused pundits and bloggers to engage in some old-school, Cold War-era tea-leaf readings. Speculation crystallized around The Stranger by Albert Camus, the lone work of fiction on a list packed with meaty biographies and non-fiction tomes on salt, polio, and influenza.

What did it mean that the President had taken the slim novel along to Crawford? Focusing largely on the premise of the narrative — Mersault, a disaffected Westerner, remorselessly guns down an Arab man, faces trial, and dies without regret — opinion pages and comment sections briefly hummed with literary discussions. Pundits parsed the implications in the NY Times and New Yorker, while Slate looked at Camus' views on torture. An NPR broadcast suggested that reading the book could only be character-building for the President, while the Daily Show offered its own take on the choice.

Yet the truly unsettling aspect of Bush's selection doesn't lie in the surface story, but rather in the shadows cast by the literary sleight of hand Camus employed in the novel itself. In The Stranger, Algeria is imagined as a balmy locale: gorgeous, empty — except for some pesky "natives" — and ripe to serve as a stage for a tug-of-war over Western values that will take place entirely in the mind of the man with the gun. It's a set-up that's all too familiar today.

But to summarize Camus' novel so glibly certainly does a disservice to the author, whose work was as layered and complicated as his stance on France's colonial wars in Algeria. Diligent readers interested in the various extremes are advised to dig into his stirring yet conflicted writing of the WWII-era, recently collected as Camus at Combat. Those wanting a closer look at the dodgy, exoticist side of his work can pick up Summer in Algiers, which is packed with sunny beaches and quaint natives.
- Toby Warner


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BOOK NEWS
A few notable bits of recent book news.

  • Bets are on for 2006 Booker Prize (Times)

  • 19 novels make the Man Booker Prize longlist.

  • Günter Grass in Nazi SS (Der Speigel)

  • The German author admits to mistakes made at age 17. There are no plans to revoke his Nobel prize, but as shock ripples across the world press, some writers, including John Berger and John Irving, are mounting spirited defenses.

  • Don't Kill Harry! (Guardian)

  • Even Stephen King is begging J.K. Rowling to let Harry Potter live.

  • Village finds a new Voice (Village Voice)

  • David Blum is named the new Editor-in-Chief of the Village Voice

  • Bush literacy rates are up (Slate, via Maud Newton)

  • Bush picks up some French existentialism for his summer reading. An eerily prescient Slate article from January compared Bush and Camus on the question of torture.

  • Summer camp for writers (NY Times)

  • The sex is better at Yaddo, but MacDowell has better lunches.

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    CREDITS

    Editors
    Toby Warner
    Mark Mangan
    Paul Laster
    Jocelyn K. Glei
    McKay McFadden
    Nick Merritt
    Chris Gage

    Editors-at-Large
    Larry Weissman
    Sean McDonald

    Contributors
    Stephen Dougherty
    Gena Hamshaw
    Allison Kave
    Joshua David Stein
    Sage Van Wing

    Production & Design
    Anjuli Ayer
    Jessica Bauer-Greene
    Morgan Croney
    Sascha Lewis

    Cover Art
    Guy Tillim
    "Al's Tower, a block of flats on Harrow Road, Berea, overlooking the Ponte building, Johannesburg," 2004 (detail) from Snap Judgments: New Positions in Contemporary African Photography
    Courtesy International Center of Photography
    Pigment print on cotton paper
    © Guy Tillim


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